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英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

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  1. 23小时前

    第2717期:I'll probably lose my job to AI(2)

    Very few people in this room have ever worried about how they were going to obtain food or shelter or heat, or how they were going to bury a child who died of diarrhea before its first birthday. Those worries are the normal condition of humanity. We escaped them only through massive chronological luck. That is a precious and totally unearned inheritance, and I think we have an obligation to pay that forward and leave an even bigger legacy for our descendants.在座的各位，很少有人曾经担心过如何获得食物、住所或取暖，或者如何安葬一个不到一岁就死于腹泻的孩子。这些担忧是人类的常态。我们之所以能逃脱这些担忧，完全是因为巨大的时间运气。这是一笔宝贵的、完全不劳而获的遗产，我认为我们有义务将其传承下去，为我们的后代留下更丰厚的遗产。 To do otherwise, it's a kind of theft. It's stealing from the future. Picture what it would have looked like if the Luddites actually had managed to halt progress in its tracks. Effectively, they'd have been reaching forward in time and taking almost everything we have in order to enrich themselves.否则，就是一种偷窃。这是从未来窃取。想象一下，如果卢德分子真的成功阻止了进步，那会是什么样子。实际上，他们已经超越了时间，掠夺了我们几乎所有的东西，以充实自己。 Now, obviously, that's not how they understood what they were doing. But it would have been true just the same. So picture that, really picture it. A spinner sells a few spools of thread and suddenly you don't have a car. A weaver sells a handloom cloak and whoops, there go your refrigerator, your central heating and your college education. A whole suit of clothes and thousands of kids just died of preventable disease.显然，他们并非如此理解自己在做什么。但这本来也无可厚非。想象一下，真的想象一下。一个纺纱工卖出几卷线，突然间你就没车了。一个织布工卖出一件手工织布斗篷，哎呀，你的冰箱、中央供暖和大学教育都泡汤了。整套衣服都没了，成千上万的孩子却死于可预防的疾病。 So when you're tempted to halt the innovation that might compete for your job, you have to ask yourself, How much am I willing to steal from my grandkids? I mean, from everyone's grandkids.所以，当你想要停止那些可能抢走你饭碗的创新时，你必须问问自己，我愿意从我的孙辈那里偷走多少东西？我的意思是，从每个人的孙辈那里偷走多少东西。 Now, I know some people in the audience are probably thinking, but that's different. We already have it really good, we've got airplanes and mRNA vaccines and HBO. But of course, a Luddite would have thought the same thing. They couldn't have imagined a future in which the average worker is literally leading a healthier and more comfortable life than 19-century royalty.我知道在座的有些人可能在想，但情况不一样。我们已经过得很好了，有飞机、mRNA疫苗和HBO。当然，卢德分子也会这么想。他们无法想象未来普通工人的生活会比19世纪的皇室贵族更健康、更舒适。 Others might be asking, quite reasonably, but what about global warming and endangered species? I mean, is progress really all that great? Well, I'd ask you to remember your last trip to the dentist and then reimagine it without the Novocaine.其他人可能会问，这很有道理，但全球变暖和濒危物种怎么办？我的意思是，进步真的那么好吗？好吧，我建议你回想一下你上次去看牙医的情景，然后再想象一下没有使用奴佛卡因时的感受。 Now I know the obvious retort. "That's a libertarian canard." You can want modern medicine without wanting us to have burned all that coal.现在我知道该如何反驳了。“那是自由意志主义的谎言。”你可以想要现代医学，但不必担心我们烧掉那么多煤。 But my retort is that that doesn't work. The same Industrial Revolution that led to global warming has also made us so rich that we could afford to divert millions of workers from agriculture and weaving into science and medicine. It's also, as we've been hearing all week, giving us the tools to fight ecological disaster. But we couldn't have predicted any of that from the outset. We kind of had to live the change in order to understand what it meant.但我的反驳是，这根本行不通。导致全球变暖的工业革命也让我们变得如此富有，以至于我们有能力将数百万工人从农业和纺织业转移到科学和医学领域。正如我们这周一直在听到的，它也为我们提供了对抗生态灾难的工具。但我们从一开始就无法预测这一切。我们必须亲身经历这场变革才能理解它意味着什么。 Now, actually, it's worse than that, because it's often quite easy to picture the near-term downsides. I mean, just read any article about AI. But the long-term upside is much harder to grasp because progress is cumulative, and the longer it accumulates, the weirder it gets.现在，实际上情况比这更糟，因为人们通常很容易想象短期的负面影响。我的意思是，随便读读任何一篇关于人工智能的文章就知道了。但长期的正面影响却难以把握，因为进步是累积的，积累的时间越长，就越奇怪。

    3 分钟

  2. 1天前

    第2716期:I'll probably lose my job to AI(1)

    Well, I gather I'm not the only one who spends a lot of time thinking about AI these days. And by think I mean panic.嗯，我想，最近花大量时间思考人工智能的人不止我一个。我说的“思考”指的是恐慌。 I'm not even worried about the doomsday scenarios because I have no way to assess those. I just think about what's going to happen to jobs, because even if we solve the AI safety problem, it's still going to displace a lot of workers, maybe including me.我甚至不担心末日景象，因为我无法评估。我只是在想工作岗位会发生什么变化，因为即使我们解决了人工智能的安全问题，它仍然会取代很多工人，也许包括我在内。 Twenty years ago, I decided to take my very expensive MBA and use it to become a journalist. That decision did not have what we MBAs like to call a "positive expected cash flow."二十年前，我决定攻读昂贵的MBA学位，并利用它成为一名记者。这个决定并没有带来我们MBA们所说的“正预期现金流”。 When I was interviewing for a job at "The Economist," one of the interviewers actually just asked me, "Why are you doing this?" I told him, "I only have so much time on this planet, and I want to spend it doing something that matters. And also, by the way, something I really, really, really love to do."我在《经济学人》面试的时候，一位面试官直接问我：“你为什么要做这份工作？” 我告诉他：“我的生命有限，我想用这段时间做一些有意义的事情。顺便说一句，也做一些我非常非常热爱的事情。” I got lucky and it worked out. Today I'm a columnist at the "Washington Post." But every day, AI seems to get better and better at writing competent prose. And I don't know what I'm supposed to do if typing words in a row stops being a semi profitable occupation.我很幸运，成功了。如今我是《华盛顿邮报》的专栏作家。但人工智能似乎每天都在写出越来越优秀的文章。如果打字不再是一项半盈利的职业，我真不知道该怎么办。 Now I'm a libertarian columnist, which means I believe in progress and creative destruction. But here’s something I also believe: The Luddites had a point.现在我是一位自由意志主义专栏作家，这意味着我相信进步和创造性破坏。但我也相信一点：卢德分子说得有道理。 Look, you don't normally hear libertarians praising Luddites, so let me explain. Today, Luddite is a broad-spectrum term for technophobes. But the Luddites weren't your mom using a landline instead of a cell phone or sending you Hallmark cards with little words underlined. They were skilled artisans who made handcrafted textiles in an era when everyone wore lovingly handcrafted textiles.听着，你通常不会听到自由主义者赞扬卢德分子，所以让我解释一下。如今，“卢德分子”是一个泛指科技恐惧者的术语。但卢德分子可不是你妈妈用座机代替手机，也不是你妈妈给你寄带有下划线小字的贺卡。他们是技艺精湛的工匠，在那个人人都穿着精心制作的手工纺织品的时代，制作手工纺织品。 Then mechanized mill owners started underpricing them using some of the most cutting-edge technology of their day, like, spinning jennies that could spin thread at record speeds. So they decided to destroy the machines.后来，机械化工厂的老板们开始压低价格，使用当时最先进的技术，比如能以创纪录的速度纺线的珍妮纺纱机。于是他们决定毁掉这些机器。 Honestly, I have some sympathy. In fact, every time one of these companies issues a new model, I get more sympathetic.说实话，我有点同情他们。事实上，每当这些公司发布新车型，我的同情心就增加一分。 We libertarians like to talk about the glories of freedom and progress, and they are glorious. But they are not free. Sometimes people get hurt. Often lots of people.我们自由意志主义者喜欢谈论自由和进步的荣耀，它们的确很荣耀。但它们并非自由。有时人们会受到伤害。通常情况下，很多人会受到伤害。 The printing press democratized knowledge and also witch burnings and wars of religion. The Industrial Revolution raised living standards and offset them with grim factory jobs, squalid urban living conditions and choking pollution. Now modern governments can allay many of those costs, but they can't give people back the life they had. And we have an obligation to count those costs. I mean, if only because no one was ever persuaded by being told "Your fears are stupid."印刷机使知识民主化，也带来了焚烧女巫和宗教战争。工业革命提高了生活水平，但也带来了残酷的工厂工作、肮脏的城市生活条件和令人窒息的污染。如今，现代政府可以减轻许多此类成本，但却无法让人们重回他们曾经的生活。我们有义务计算这些成本。我的意思是，即使没有人会因为被告知“你的恐惧是愚蠢的”而被说服。 So here's why, even after a full accounting, I think we should be willing to bear those costs and let the future unfold, because we're all the beneficiaries of previous decisions to prioritize future growth over protecting the present.因此，即使在全面核算之后，我认为我们仍然应该愿意承担这些成本，让未来自然发展，因为我们都是先前决定优先考虑未来增长而不是保护现在的受益者。

    3 分钟

  3. 2天前

    第2715期:How much do you really know about Ancient Rome?(2)

    And finally, the ammonia in urine does indeed make for an excellent stain-fighting solution, which is why Roman launderers often placed buckets on street corners to collect the urine of passersby. That reminds me, next question!最后，尿液中的氨确实是一种极好的去污剂，这就是为什么罗马洗衣工经常在街角放置水桶来收集路人的尿液。这让我想起了下一个问题！ A. Many Roman homes featured a vomitorium, a room where people could vomit after overindulging.A：许多罗马家庭都设有呕吐室，即人们在暴饮暴食后可以呕吐的房间。 B. The Pythagoreans, who followed the teachings of the Greek mathematician Pythagoras, embraced a vegetarian diet.B. 毕达哥拉斯学派遵循希腊数学家毕达哥拉斯的教义，信奉素食。 C. A favorite Roman condiment was sauce made from fermented fish guts.C. 罗马人最喜欢的调味品是用发酵的鱼内脏制成的酱汁。 While vomit and vomitoria come from the same root, meaning “to spew forth,” a vomitorium is simply a passage through which spectators spewed from amphitheaters or arenas into the street. Purging was a common medical treatment, but it certainly wasn't prescribed to make room for more fish gut sauce. As for Pythagoras, there were more than three sides to the man, I’ll have you know. He was a philosopher, and his followers embraced his belief that eating animal flesh increased aggressive behavior.虽然“vomit”和“vomitoria”源于同一个词根，意为“喷涌而出”，但“vomitorium”实际上只是一条通道，供观众从圆形剧场或竞技场向街上喷吐。泻药是一种常见的医疗手段，但绝对不是为了给鱼内脏酱腾出空间。至于毕达哥拉斯，我得让你知道，他可不止三面。他是一位哲学家，他的追随者们也信奉他的理念，认为食用动物肉会增加攻击性行为。 We’re all tied up. But this last question is sure to separate the true Romano-files from the Romano-flakes.我们都很忙。但最后一个问题肯定能区分出真正的罗马诺人与罗马诺人。 A. The city of Rome was sacked twice during the 5th century CE. B. The last western Roman emperor was Romulus Augustulus. C. The Roman Empire fell in 476 CE.A. 罗马城在公元5世纪曾两次遭到洗劫。B. 最后一位西罗马皇帝是罗慕路斯·奥古斯都。C. 罗马帝国于公元476年灭亡。 Just as I thought! The very idea that Rome fell is... complicated. It’s true that by 476 the empire looked very different. By the 4th century, it had permanently split into eastern and western halves, each with its own emperor. The last emperor in the west, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown in 476 CE in a military coup. But the Germanic general who replaced him didn’t make sweeping changes. Roman political and cultural life endured, and military conquests continued— at least until the eastern Emperor Justinian led a devastating invasion of Italy in the 530s. In the east, the Roman Empire survived for a thousand years, becoming what you now call the Byzantine Empire.正如我所想！罗马帝国覆灭本身就……复杂。诚然，到了公元476年，帝国面貌大不相同。到了公元4世纪，它永久地分裂为东西两部分，两部分各有皇帝。西罗马的最后一位皇帝罗慕路斯·奥古斯都鲁在公元476年被军事政变推翻。但取代他的日耳曼将军并没有做出彻底的改变。罗马的政治和文化生活得以延续，军事征服也持续不断——至少在530年代东罗马皇帝查士丁尼率领军队对意大利发动毁灭性入侵之前是如此。在东罗马帝国存续了一千年，成为了如今所谓的拜占庭帝国。 That makes contestant number 3 our big winner! Enjoy the spoils! As for our losers, better luck next time. Here's hoping there is one.这么说来，3号选手就是我们的大赢家了！好好享受这份战利品吧！至于输家们，祝他们下次好运。希望下次能有好运。

    3 分钟

  4. 3天前

    第2714期:How much do you really know about Ancient Rome?(1)

    Are you not entertained? And this is what you think of us. O tempora! O mores!你们难道不开心吗？你们就是这么想我们的。啊，时代！啊，传统！ Salvete! Minerva here— esteemed Roman goddess of reason, wisdom, handicrafts, and war. It’s come to my attention that many of you have been thinking about Ancient Rome... a lot. But how much do you really know? I’ll be the judge. Let’s play a little game I like to call duo vera et mendacium! Or, to the rest of you: two truths and a lie. Let's meet our three brave contestants.萨尔维特！我是弥涅耳瓦——备受尊崇的罗马理性、智慧、手工艺和战争女神。我注意到你们很多人都在思考古罗马……思考了很久。但你们到底了解多少呢？我来评判。我们来玩个小游戏，我喜欢叫它“两个真相和一个谎言”！或者，对你们其他人来说：两个真相和一个谎言。让我们来认识一下我们三位勇敢的参赛者。 And let’s show them what they’re playing for! An all-expense paid cruise aboard one of Caligula’s pleasure barges! Prepare to be wined and dined on a trip you’ll never forget— well, you’ll probably forget. As for the losers...让我们让他们见识一下他们的本事！登上卡利古拉的豪华游船，享受全程免费游轮之旅！准备好享受这趟永生难忘的旅程吧——好吧，你很可能永远都忘不了。至于输家…… The die is cast! Prepare to spot the lie! A. Gladiators had their own guilds. B. Most gladiatorial fights ended before anyone died. C. Gladiators were from an enslaved class.木已成舟！准备好揭穿谎言吧！A. 角斗士有自己的行会。B. 大多数角斗士的战斗在有人死亡之前就结束了。C. 角斗士来自奴隶阶层。 And I thought this was an easy one. It’s true that from their introduction around the 3rd century BCE, Roman gladiators were often enslaved or convicted criminals, but this changed by the 1st century CE. After the opening of the Colosseum in 80 CE, freemen and former soldiers began signing up for a life in the arena, lured by the potential for fame and regular employment. They even formed their own guilds, which organized funerals and provided pensions for gladiators’ families if they were to die. But it took a lot of time and money to train a gladiator, so it wouldn’t make any sense to have them fighting to the death— at least not all the time.我以为这个问题很容易回答。的确，自公元前3世纪左右罗马角斗士出现以来，他们通常是奴隶或罪犯，但这种情况在公元1世纪发生了变化。公元80年罗马斗兽场开放后，自由民和退伍军人开始报名参加竞技场生活，被名声和稳定工作的潜在吸引力所吸引。他们甚至成立了自己的行会，负责组织葬礼，并在角斗士身亡后为其家人提供抚恤金。但训练一名角斗士需要花费大量的时间和金钱，所以让他们战斗至死毫无意义——至少不是一直如此。 Moving on to fashion: A. The toga was the cornerstone of daily Roman dress. B. Many Roman women wore dresses made with Chinese silk. C. Urine was the primary laundry detergent for Roman clothes.再来说说时尚：A. 托加长袍是罗马人日常服饰的基石。B. 许多罗马女性穿着用中国丝绸制成的连衣裙。C. 尿液是罗马人洗衣的主要清洁剂。 While male Roman citizens did wear togas, they were strictly for ceremonial and official events. And they were worn over clothing, like tunics, never on their own. That would be indecent. As indecent as some writers called the flimsy Chinese silk dresses that became fashionable amongst upper class Roman women in the 1st century CE.虽然罗马男性公民也穿托加长袍，但仅限于礼仪和官方场合。托加长袍通常穿在束腰外衣之类的衣服外面，不能单独穿着。那样会显得不雅。就像一些作家认为公元1世纪在罗马上流社会女性中流行的轻薄中国丝绸连衣裙一样，托加长袍也显得不雅。

    3 分钟

  5. 4天前

    第2713期:Babies' first bacteria could prevent infection

    We come out of the womb sterile, but that doesn't last for long. All the nooks and crannies of the human body soon become home to microbial life. In this study, scientists took stool samples from 1,000 newborns. Those first colonised by Bifidobacterium longum were half as likely to end up in hospital with a lung infection than those with different starter bacteria.我们从子宫里出来时是无菌的，但这种状态不会持续太久。人体的每个角落和缝隙很快就会成为微生物群落的家园。在这项研究中，科学家们采集了 1000 名新生儿的粪便样本。他们发现那些体内最早被长双歧杆菌占领建立菌群的婴儿，其日后因肺部感染住院的几率仅为携带其它初始菌群婴儿的一半。 It's the first time the way our microbial ecosystem forms has been shown to reduce infections. The researchers at UCL and the Sanger Institute said it was a phenomenal finding. Early life is a critical period for developing the immune system and these latest findings could lead to the development of new therapies similar to a probiotic yoghurt to give good bacteria to babies.↳这是首次有研究显示我们体内微生物生态系统的形成方式可以减少感染。来自伦敦大学学院和桑格研究所的研究人员们称这一发现意义重大。生命早期是免疫系统发育的关键时期，这些最新研究成果可能会促进新疗法的开发，类似于益生菌酸奶那样，为婴儿提供有益细菌。

    1 分钟

  6. 5天前

    第2712期:Golden eagles return to English skies

    Once widespread around the UK, persecution from farmers and gamekeepers meant Britain's second biggest bird of prey had disappeared from England and Wales by the mid-19th Century.金雕曾广泛分布于英国，但由于受到农民和猎场看守人的迫害，作为英国第二大猛禽的金雕在 19 世纪中期就从英格兰和威尔士消失了。 The numbers recovered a little after the two world wars, but England's last resident golden eagle, who'd lived alone for ten years in the Lake District, died in 2015.两次世界大战后，金雕的数量略有恢复，但最后一只居住在英格兰的金雕在湖区独自生活了十年后于 2015 年死亡。 But from 2018 the South of Scotland Golden Eagle Project began moving young eagles from the Scottish Highlands. The birds are fitted with satellite trackers, and the data shows that at least three or four of them have begun venturing into England this year, with several sightings in Northumberland.但从 2018 年开始，苏格兰南部金雕项目开始将幼鹰从苏格兰高地迁移出去。这些鸟的身上被安装了卫星追踪器，追踪数据显示至少有三到四只金雕今年开始大胆地尝试飞到英格兰，人们在诺森伯兰郡多次目击金雕。 Whether they will stay and nest is unclear, but their visits are welcome news for those who regard golden eagles as one of nature's most majestic creatures.它们是否会留下来并筑巢尚不清楚，但它们的到访对那些视金雕为大自然最雄伟的生物之一的人们来说无疑是个好消息。

    1 分钟

  7. 6天前

    第2711期:Beating brain fog

    Do you ever wake up with a fuzzy feeling in your head, you can't concentrate on anything, or find your memory just isn't working as it should? You're not alone. 39% of British people said they suffer brain fog on a regular basis in a FutureYou Cambridge study. But why do we get brain fog, and can we do anything to prevent it?您是否曾经以模糊的感觉醒来，您无法专注于任何东西，或者发现记忆无法正常工作？ 你并不孤单。 39％的英国人说，他们在以后的剑桥研究中定期遭受脑雾。 但是，为什么我们会遇到大脑雾，我们可以做任何防止它的呢？ The technical word for brain fog is cognitive impairment. When you have it, you can't think as clearly as you normally can – just as if your brain was actually full of fog. Dr Brennan, a neuroscientist and author, says "Brain fog is different to these short-term disruptions, because it is persistent, occurs regularly and can interfere with the quality of your life, your relationships, and your work". The reality is that no-one knows exactly what causes it, though theories include chemical or blood flow changes in the brain, and low-level inflammation. What we do know are factors that make it worse.大脑雾的技术词是认知障碍。 当您拥有它时，您无法像往常一样清楚地思考 - 就像您的大脑实际上充满了雾一样。 神经科学家和作者布伦南博士说：“大脑雾与这些短期干扰不同，因为它是持久的，定期发生的，并且可能干扰生活质量，人际关系和工作的质量”。 现实是，尽管理论包括大脑的化学或血液流动变化以及低水平的炎症，但没有人确切知道是什么原因引起的。 我们所知道的是使情况变得更糟的因素。 Fatigue, for example, is a key contributor to brain fog, making it hard to stay focused. This is because sleep deficiency can change activity in some parts of the brain, which means processing and recalling detail becomes harder. Pain and anxiety can also contribute to it – they interfere with cognitive speed because they are distracting. There are also medical conditions that can make it worse, like long Covid or autoimmune conditions like lupus disease.例如，疲劳是大脑雾的关键因素，因此很难保持专注。 这是因为睡眠不足可以改变大脑某些部分的活动，这意味着处理和回忆细节变得更加困难。 疼痛和焦虑也会促成它 - 他们会干扰认知速度，因为它们正在分散注意力。 也有一些医疗状况会使情况变得更糟，例如长期或自身免疫性状况（例如狼疮病）。 So, if you're suffering from brain fog, what can you do to fix it? One thing you can do is avoidultra-processed foods(UPFs). Dr Megan Rossi, the founder of TheGutHealth Doctor, told the BBC that "UPFs are often low in essential nutrients like magnesium,omega-3 fatty acidsandiron, all of which are crucial for brain function andmental clarity". Therefore, we should pack our diets withnutrient-richfoods likewhole grains, vegetables and healthy fats. Blueberries are particularly rich inpolyphenolsand have been shown to improve cognitive function and memory in clinical trials.Hydration is also very important.因此，如果您患有大脑雾，您该怎么办才能解决它？ 您可以做的一件事是避免使用超级加工的食物（UPFS）。 肠道健康医生的创始人梅根·罗西（Megan Rossi）博士对英国广播公司（BBC）表示：“ UPFS通常很低，例如镁，omega-3脂肪酸和铁，所有这些营养素对于大脑功能和心理清晰度至关重要''。 因此，我们应该用富含营养的食物（如全谷物，蔬菜和健康脂肪）包装饮食。 蓝莓特别富含多酚，并且已被证明可以改善临床试验中的认知功能和记忆。 水合也非常重要。 So, if you feel a bit foggy, try to get more sleep and consider making some changes to your diet.因此，如果您有些雾气，请尝试获得更多的睡眠，并考虑对饮食进行一些更改。

    3 分钟

  8. 7月10日

    第2710期:What can magic teach us about the brain

    You've probably seen the impossible happen, or at least thought you have. When a magician makes a card disappear, or throws a ball into the air, only for it to vanish, it seems that they are using amazing powers. But the magic isn't happening on stage. It's actually all inside your brain.您可能看到了不可能发生的事情，或者至少认为自己有。 当魔术师使卡片消失或将球扔到空中时，只是为了消失时，他们似乎正在使用惊人的力量。 但是魔术并没有在舞台上发生。 实际上，它全部都在您的大脑内。 These illusions work because of essential processes that happen in our brains. Our senses provide an enormous amount of information about our surroundings. Our brains have evolved ways of prioritising what's important. We tend to notice the things that are most significant and remember those which have most meaning for us. What we perceive that we see or remember that we saw is actually a mental image.这些幻觉是因为我们大脑中发生的基本过程而起作用。 我们的感官提供了有关周围环境的大量信息。 我们的大脑发展了优先考虑重要的方法的方法。 我们倾向于注意到最重要的事物，并记住那些对我们最有意义的事物。 我们认为我们看到或记得我们看到的实际上是一种心理形象。 These mental processes are exploited by illusionists to trick us into perceiving things in a particular way. In one famous trick, a ball is thrown into the air twice and caught and then vanishes into thin air on the third throw. This third throw is actually just a hand movement. Our brains predict that the ball will leave the magician's hand so we think we see it. The same process makes a dog run for a stick when we pretend to throw it.这些心理过程被幻觉者利用，以欺骗我们以特定方式感知事物。 在一个著名的技巧中，将一个球扔到空中两次，然后抓住，然后在第三次掷球中消失在稀薄的空气中。 第三掷实际上只是手动。 我们的大脑预测球将离开魔术师的手，所以我们认为我们看到了它。 当我们假装扔掉它时，同样的过程使狗跑步。 During a magic show, we are often manipulated to think that we have a freer choice than we actually do. Magician-turned-psychologist Gustav Kuhn highlights how a performer's gaze can direct our attention towards some things and divert it away from others. Even babies naturally tend to follow where someone is looking.在魔术表演中，我们经常被操纵认为我们有比实际选择更自由的选择。 魔术师转变为心理学家古斯塔夫·库恩（Gustav Kuhn）强调了表演者的凝视如何将我们的注意力转移到某些事物上，并将其转移到其他方面。 即使是婴儿也自然而然地跟随某人正在寻找的地方。 Kuhn has become a researcher using the techniques behind different magic tricks to see what we can learn about how the brain works. He's even teamed up with a toy manufacturer to produce magic sets that explain our mental processes. Understanding these could be important because while magicians use these deceptions to entertain us, others use similar approaches to mislead us or spread disinformation.库恩（Kuhn）已使用不同魔术技巧背后的技术成为研究人员，以了解我们可以了解大脑的工作方式。 他甚至与玩具制造商合作制作了魔术套装来解释我们的心理过程。 理解这些可能很重要，因为虽然魔术师使用这些欺骗来娱乐我们，但其他人则使用类似的方法来误导我们或传播虚假信息。

    2 分钟
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